Over the past few years, intercultural health has become an emerging issue in health policy. Intercultural health is an approach in health that aims at reducing the gap between indigenous and western health systems, on the basis of mutual respect and equal recognition of these knowledge systems. This article questions the applicability of such a concept in the context of Chile. Here, conflicting interests between the Mapuche and the Chilean state are related to aspects of economic development, modernity processes, integration, (...) intercultural relations, and indigenous rights and are deeply reflected also in projects for an intercultural health system. By analysing the experience of the intercultural practice of Makewe Hospital, this article argues that effective and equitable intercultural health practices will not take place unless there will be an integral valorisation of the Mapuche culture from a broader perspective. (shrink)

This book argues that we can find the resources to build a public perspective if we make two commitments: to respect people as autonomous agents and to endorse a shared ethics of beliefs.

En este trabajo critico la interpretación moralizada de la obligación política en Hobbes que defiende Luciano Venezia. Exploro una lectura diferente que evita una dicotomía tajante entre las razones prudenciales y las razones morales y subraya en cambio la discontinuidad entre la normatividad subjetiva de la ley natural y la normatividad objetiva de la ley positiva. Sostengo que el contrato de sujeción política establece obligaciones objetivas recién cuando el soberano exige el cumplimiento de los contratos. La obligación política es entonces (...) una forma de obligación jurídica. Además, enfatizo que la comunidad moral de Hobbes solo es posible dentro del Estado. In this paper, I criticize Luciano Venezia's moralized interpretation of the Hobbesian concept of political obligation. I explore a different reading that avoids a clear-cut dichotomy between prudential and moral reasons and underscores instead the discontinuity between natural law's subjective normativity and civil law's objective normativity. I contend that the pact of political subjection establishes objective obligations only when the sovereign requires the fulfillment of contracts. Political obligation is then a form of legal obligation. In addition, I emphasize that Hobbes's moral community is only possible within the State. (shrink)

In recent years there has been renewed interest in the participation of lay people in regulatory procedures. The debate peaked in the 1980s with the anti-nuclear movements and again more recently as a reaction to the food scandals of the mid-1990s. In the wake of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) crisis there has been a proliferation of European Community rules on the production, processing and retailing of food products, along with the multiplication of scientific committees in order to cope with (...) increased ... (shrink)

This book demonstrates the vast range of philosophical approaches, regional issues and problems, perspectives, and historical and theoretical frameworks that together constitute feminist philosophy in Latin America and Spain.This is important while feminist philosophy was long dominated by Anglo-American authors. It makes available recent feminist thought in Latin America and Spain to facilitate dialogue among Latin American, North American, and European thinkers.

Discursive knowledge is expressed in a conceptual, specialized language, which offers the standardization and rigor necessary to a rational reasoning. For the non discursive knowledge, language, as a means of communication, is inadequate and insufficient.

IN THE LAST PART of the Theory of Moral Sentiments, Adam Smith puts his theory in a class with those of his contemporaries Francis Hutcheson and David Hume, namely, the systems that make sentiments the principle of approbation. Despite recognizing important differences with both of them, he thinks that since he has placed the origin of moral sentiments in sympathy, and in particular the fact that we are able to enter into the motives of the agent and get pleasure from (...) finding them appropriate to their cause, sentiments are the foundation of his theory of morals. Many of Smith’s commentators, in fact almost all of the most important studies over the last few years, reaffirm the author’s self-description. However, my aim in this paper is to challenge this view by showing that Smith’s system can also be plausibly seen as a theory of practical reasoning, and in some important aspects very similar to Aristotelian ethics. Surprisingly few scholars have seen this parallel. Laurence Berns, Samuel Fleischacker, Charles Griswold, and Gloria Vivenza are the latest exceptions, identifying several points of coincidence between Adam Smith and Aristotle’s ethics. None of them, however, has tied all these similarities under a unified interpretation, such as the one I propose here: The basic analogy between these theories, and the source of those particular coincidences, is the operation of practical reason. Moreover, and besides the common elements with Aristotle’s ethics, Smith’s reconstruction of practical reason simultaneously announces some of the main features of modern accounts of ethics, such as impartiality and universality as preconditions of moral judgment. The integration of these ancient and modern elements in a single coherent theory allows Smith’s TMS to overcome the insufficiencies and paradoxes of both these traditions, and it constitutes one of the most interesting and challenging proposals of modern ethics. (shrink)

This syllabus was submitted to the Rhodes College Office of Academic Affairs by the course instructor.

Jan WoleĔski Kazimierz Twardowski and the Development of Philosophy of Science in Poland Kazimierz Twardowski studied with Brentano and followed his style of doing philosophy, in particular, the thesis that the method of philosophy is  ...

The article deals with the problem of method for a bioethical approach to clinical cases from the standpoint of bioethics, and analyzes the various methodologies that exist, highlighting their contributions and strengths, as well as their difficulties. Tools for reflecting on how to implement a methodology adapted to the context of contemporary Mexican reality are provided as well. They underscore the characteristics particular to Mexico in bioethical analysis and discernment.

This paper examines the relation between the problem of human nature and political theory; it is claimed that every such theory is founded on some anthropological preconditions. The paper studies the political conceptions of four modern philosophers: Thomas Hobbes, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Karl Marx, Pyotr Kropotkin. It reveals that two opposing tendencies form the imaginary of the modern era: the authoritative one that identifies an egoistic/ unsociable human nature that needs control, and the libertarian one that recognizes a human being (...) capable of more advanced types of social fabric. The problem that is also investigated is how anthropological dualism can be transcended to permit the conception of a new anthropological type as well as the type of society that will help human potentiality of consciousness and coexistence to unfold. (shrink)

Tras su consagración como filósofa de referencia en cuestiones de ética, epistemología social, filosofía feminista y filosofía política, la obra cumbre de Miranda Fricker, _Injusticia epistémica, _ha sido traducida al castellano y publicada por Herder. Doctora en Filosofía por la Universidad de Oxford, Fricker ya había publicado anteriormente, junto con Jennifer Hornsby, _The Cambridge Companion to Feminism in Philosophy _, así como recientemente _The Epistemic Life of Groups: Essays in the Epistemology of Collectives _junto con Michael S. Brady. En la (...) obra que aquí nos ocupa, la autora explora dos tipos de injusticias específicamente epistémicas: la testimonial y la hermenéutica. Mientras que la primera se produce cuando los prejuicios llevan a un oyente a disminuir la credibilidad de los juicios de un emisor, no en un instante de exclusión accidental sino de forma estructural-sistemática, la segunda se corresponde con una fase anterior en la que una falta en los recursos de interpretación colectivos dificulta a un sujeto la comprensión de sus propias experiencias. (shrink)

Este artigo trata-se do tema mal-estar e adoecimento e tem como objetivo analisar os impactos da pandemia por covid-19 na vida dos/as professores/as. O estudo parte de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental das produções sobre o tema. O período da pandemia demarca um momento na história da educação brasileira que modificou os modos de trabalho e ao mesmo tempo, trouxe impactos na vida dos/as professores/as. Os resultados deste estudo, apontam para os impactos relacionados à saúde, como o mal-estar e a (...) síndrome de burnout fruto das condições de trabalho, como a intensificação e a precarização do trabalho ocasionadas pelo ensino remoto, alterando significativamente a vida destes profissionais. (shrink)

Our oldest archival records originate from the Near East. Systems of archival record-keeping developed over several millennia in Mesopotamia before spreading to Egypt, the Mycenean world, and the Persian empire, and continuing through the Hellenistic and Seleucid periods. Yet we know little about the way archival practices were established, transmitted, modified, and adapted by other civilizations. This interdisciplinary volume offers a systematic approach to archival documents and to the societies which created them, addressing questions of formal aspects of creating, writing, (...) and storing ancient documents, and showing how archival systems were copied and adapted across a wide geographical area and an extensive period of time. (shrink)

One of the assumptions that impregnate academic discourse, even that of social scientists committed to the re-incorporation of their disciplines, is its extra-corporeal character. This article analyzes the scholastic construction of producing and perceiving oral, written or silent discourses as non-corporeal acts. First, it argues that there is a certain continuity between monastic rituals that build the spirit as something different from and higher than the body and academic rituals that train people to place the source of discourse in the (...) mind. Second, it explores how the separation of discourse from the discourse-producing body is currently built and reproduced through participation in university and academic rituals. It holds that such participation installs in the bodies of academics an identification with the habit of producing discourses. Finally, it suggests that the fact that attempts to re-incorporate body to social life are performed by academics who have been trained in disembodying their discourses conditions the results of such attempts. (shrink)

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo identificar necesidades del sector del cuero calzado y marroquinería de la ciudad de Bogotá, a nivel de digitalización. Investigación mixta de carácter exploratorio, de corte transversal, cuyos resultados evidencian la apremiante necesidad de programas y estrategias que permitan a pequeños y microempresarios generar sinergias diseñadas de manera explícita, que respondan a solucionar problemas neurálgicos para estas industria, en dinámicas de transferencia de conocimiento principalmente a nivel de competencias tecnológicas, acompañamiento en procesos de digitalización que (...) les ayuden a mantenerse vigentes frente a la nueva normalidad y a adaptarse a las dinámicas que esta imponga. (shrink)

Dans le § 8 de la 1ère recherche logique Husserl explique qu'est-ce que c'est l'expression, par opposition à un autre type de signe: l'indice. Ce qu'est en jeu, c'est la spécificité de l'expression, entendue par Husserl comme une sorte de signe qui présente un caractère clair. Mais afin de determiner l'expression Husserl effectue une opération interpretée par Derrida comme un premier type de réduction: réduction du langage a une forme du soliloque. En d'autres termes, au moment où Husserl doit expliquer (...) ce qu'est un signe linguistique, met entre parenthèses précisément la fonction symbolique des expressions.Je tiens à souligner dans cet article les raisons qui conduisent Husserl à ce surprenant geste de mettre entre parenthèses l'une des fonctions les plus essentielles des actes significatifs, la fonction comunicative de contenus intentionnels au moyen de signes dans un contexte intersubjectif. Je montrerai après ce que conduit Husserl à examiner à nouveau cette décision et à la critiquer dans les textes de 1913-1914 lors de la préparation de la deuxième édition des Recherches logiques et publiés aujourd'hui dans le volume XX/2 de Husserliana.En el § 8 de la 1ª Investigación lógica Husserl explica qué es la expresión por oposición a otro tipo de signo: el índice. Lo que se halla en juego es la especificidad de la expresión, entendida por Husserl como un tipo de signo que presenta un carácter intencional. Pero, con el fin de perfilar la expresión, Husserl realiza una operación interpretada por Derrida como un primer tipo de reducción: la reducción del lenguaje a la forma del soliloquio. En otras palabras, en el momento en el que Husserl debe explicar lo que es un signo lingüístico, pone entre paréntesis precisamente la función simbólica de las expresiones.Me gustaría poner de relieve en este artículo las razones que llevan a Husserl a este sorprendente gesto de poner entre paréntesis una de las más esenciales funciones de los actos significativos, la función de comunicar contenidos intencionales a través de signos en un context intersubjetivo. Mostraré más tarde qué lleva a Husserl revisar esta decisión y criticarla en los textos de 1913-1914 cuando preparaba la segunda edición de las Investigaciones lógi-cas y hoy publicados en el volumen XX/2 de Husserliana. (shrink)

O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em investigar o caráter inventivo da memória freudiana. Para Platão, a memória é pensada a partir de dois tempos, o da inscrição do traço e o de sua reminiscência, a relação que o traço mantém com a percepção é, desde então, problematizada. O filósofo grego, ..